What determines a cat's coat pattern?
Written by
Elin Eriksson
Reviewed by
Prof. David Walsh, Ph.D.Fur patterns in cats result from complex genetic blueprints. Over twenty different genes combine to form each stripe and spot. They regulate pigment production and distribution. They explain why tabbies have stripes and calico spots. Understanding this provides insight into the process by which the designs of nature are developed.
Pigment Control Genes
- Eumelanin genes create black and brown shades
- Pheomelanin genes produce orange and cream tones
- Modifier genes adjust pigment intensity and distribution
- Dilution genes lighten base colors to blue or cream
Pattern Formation Genes
- Agouti gene controls tabby banding and markings
- White spotting gene creates bicolor patches
- Tabby pattern genes define stripe types
- Inhibitor gene produces silver/smoke effects
Chromosome interactions produce sex-linked effects. X chromosomes can have genes for orange and black colors. Females can express orange and black colors, which create a tortoiseshell color. Male cats typically only show one color. There are rare exceptions with varying genetics.
Environmental factors also influence some patterns. Temperature influences colorpoint development. Warm areas remain light while cool extremities darken. If they are exposed to the sun for a long time, this may also fade the darker coats. While color can change, the changes will occur within genetically defined limits.
Patterns develop through predictable stages. Kittens show faint ghost tabby markings. These markings fade as permanent patterns emerge. Colorpoint cats darken with age. Coat changes reflect genetic programming unfolding.
Recognize patterns as genetic art. Each design reflects biological heritage. Appreciate the science behind feline beauty. Patterns never indicate personality traits. All cats deserve equal care and respect.
Read the full article: Cat Coat Patterns: A Visual Guide
