Do aquarium plants need special substrates?
Written by
Kailani Okoro
Reviewed by
Prof. David Walsh, Ph.D.Aquarium plant substrate needs vary widely by species. Some species, such as the Amazon Sword, are root-feeding and require a nutrient-rich soil substrate. Others, like Anubias, are epiphytes that will attach themselves to hardscape without soil substrate. Learn these preferences or be set up for failure. Your choice of substrate will make or break your plant.
Root Feeders
- Amazon Sword needs nutrient-rich soil 2-3 inches deep
- Cryptocoryne requires mineral-rich substrates like clay-based soils
- Insert root tabs every 3 months for heavy feeders
Epiphytes
- Anubias attaches to rocks/driftwood without substrate
- Java Moss grows on any surface including mesh
- Never bury rhizomes to prevent rot
Carpeting Plants
- Dwarf Hairgrass needs nutrient-packed substrates
- Use soil capped with sand for stability
- Require high light and CO2 supplementation
Inert Substrates that Work with Supplementation Certain types of gravel, etc., that have no nutrients present will leach back into the water. Root sticks are useful for heavy-feeding plants, while liquid fertilizers are ideal for epiphytes. Sand is great for bottom-dwelling fish, but it tends to compact too easily. Nutrient-rich soils will inevitably become depleted if not properly managed.
Before planting, substrates must be prepared correctly. Rinse inert materials extremely well. Nutrient soil should be placed underneath plant caps. Slope substrates higher in the back to create depth. Always pre-soak clay substrates, as this will prevent clouding of the water. After you've set up your planting space, add plants that can be planted immediately. Creating roots is the goal, after all.
Watch for adjustments in plant requests. Yellow leaves indicated nutrient deficiencies in the plants. When plants develop very slowly, it could be a result of poor root development. Nutrient considerations and/or fertilization should be based on the plant symptoms. Monitor and test the water parameters every week. Healthy plant roots are crucial to a plant's overall health.
Read the full article: 15 Essential Aquarium Plant Types for Beginners
